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Silent Film as An Instructional Media to Teach English Language

Silent Film as An Instructional Media 
to Teach English Language

1. Introduction
In teaching learning process, media for instruction is needed to support the material that given by teacher. The use of media in classroom instruction should have been selected before implementing it to the students. In English language teaching as foreign language, media is very necessary to use for some reasons, such as instructional media helps teacher in teaching-learning process and arranging the time well. The availability of media in the class will influence students’ learning spirit. (Baidawi : 2016).
There are many types of media can be used by teacher as instructional media. Anderson (1976) classify media into 10 categories as follows : (1)Audio : Audio tapes, radio, CD, telephone. (2) Printed : textbook, modules, brochures, leaflets, picture. (3) Audio-print : audio tapes that include written materials.(4) Visual silent projection : overhead transparency (OHP), film frames (slides). (5) Audio-visual projection silent : film frames (slides) vioced. (6) Visual motion : silent movie (video). (7) Audio-visual motion : silent motion film, video/VCD, TV. (8) Physical object : real objects, models, specimens. (9) Human and the environment : teacher, librarian, laboratory. (10) Computer : CAI (Computer Assisted Instructional = computer-assistedd learning), CMI (Computer Managed Instructional). 
From the explanation above about instructional media, this article will focus on visual motion media, silent movie, to be an inctruction to teach English language.



Discussion 
Definition of Media
In the strict sense of the term, a medium is a message carrier, a vector of information. In practice, however, th term "medium" is used to designate not only the carrier itself but also all of the equipment required for its production, transmission, delivery and reception (Gutelman :1979). For example, the teacher uses video as a media for teaching. It video could countain audio-visual aids or visual aids. From the video, teacher can deliver the  message to the students. 
Gutelman also highlight that every medium has to have a facility for producing
the carrier, a facility for creating the message, a transmitting facility and reception centres.

Definition of silent film
Based on Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus, silent film is ‘a film without any sound’. From that definition means the spectator only can see the picture inside movie without hearing any sound. Before audio was introduced into films, use of films for educational purposes was known as visual instruction or visual education (Sovalvi : 2011).

Silent film as Instructional Media 
Nowdays, silent movie or film or video can be use in the classroom as a media for instructioning. Silent film relies on the power of vivid, interactive visual imagery to depict personal struggles, interpersonal interactions, and societal problems. The images of films present are filled with meaningful content to activate students’ imagination and engage their interest. Sometimes, in several silent film music used to highlight key points in the film and evoke emotional response from the audience and reinforces the sensory experience. By providing ESL students with raw material for the creative use of language, as well as for the analysis and interpretation of interdisciplinary issues, silent film can be a useful tool for promoting the development of verbal language skills. (Kasper & Singer : 2001).
According to Cakir (2006), in language learning and teaching process, learner use his eyes as well as his ears; but his eyes are basic in learning. By using silent film, the students can imagine the description of the content of the film with their own beliefs, ideas, and their own language, which can work together then. Silent film can be use as a media in writing class. Actually in the high school there are no writing class like in the college, but at least this media useful for every students in every level school.  

The Advantages of using Silent Film
Silent film not only created for adult, but also for children. In this era, there many kinds of silent film that existed, such as shaun the sheep, lava, caplin, Mr. Bean, and so on. Something created certainly have the advantage for the consumer. Here some experts view about the advantage of silent film as kind of films.
Rees said that, “One potential advantage of a silent film over sound films is that the professor can comment on important things in the film without worrying about speaking over any dialogue”. Every person can comment the message from the video, cause there is no boundaries to comment it.  Champoux (1999) emphasizes that film scenes can make it easier to teach abstract themes and concepts because of their visuality.  Also inexperienced students can benefit from films because of
their greater feeling of reality.
Ways to use a silent film :
1. The first thing that the teacher do is asks students to brainstorm the features of silent movie, such as there is no dialogue is spoken, sometimes using music to create mood, and so on.
2. Students will work in small group (consist of 3 students) to create their idea about the film that provided by teacher. 
3. Teacher asks students to brainstorm a list of different moods and feelings, then discuss how you might convey these through facial expression, body language and gestures. 
4. Each group will sent a delegate to come forward and practice acting a range of emotion, while other groups guessing the emotion. For example : confused, nervous, confident.
5. At last, the students watching together the Mr. Bean movie, then they have to make a narrative from that film based on their own perception, idea, and language.


Conclusion
In teaching learning process, the use of media is very needed to give good instruction to student. Through media, teacher can create good atmosphere in the classroom to make students more interesting in learning English. Silent film is one of many kinds of media instruction that can use by teacher in the classroom. By watching silent film, student can create their own perception about the story presented in the film. 




References
Baidawi, A. 2016. Using Visual Media in Teaching Speaking. OKARA Journal of Languages

and Literature, Vol. 1.

Champoux, J.E. 1999. Film as a teaching resource. Journal of Management Inquiry 8(2): 240-

251.

Gutelman, M. 1979. The Use of Modern Media For Rural Education in Developing Countries

– The Organisational Problems. International Institute For Educational Planning : 4.

Kasper & Singer. 2001. Unspoken Content: Silent Film in the ESL Classroom.  National

Council of Teachers of English : 17.

Rees, J. 2008. Teaching history with YouTube (and other primary-source video sites on the
internet). Perspect Hist. 46(5).

Sofalvi, A. 2011. Health Education Films of the Silent Era: A Historical Analysis. International

Electronic Journal of Health Education, 14:135-141.

http://u.osu.edu/kiveledtech/ accessed on 5th June, 2017.

http://educasi-mediafor.blogspot.co.id accessed on 5th June, 2017.


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